Social Inequities And Its Effects On Society - 1444 Words

Social Inequities are one of the most faced problems that people are around the world experience, yet they are thrown aside when these issues have more concerns than what meets the eye. Currently in the world, there is a manifold of inequities, such as the very popular ones that continue to expand, such as racism, feminism, and bullying. Although over the years not much improvement has been made to put an end on these issues, authors have been informing teens, especially in their writing, making them aware about the current events. Throughout literature, many people’s eyes have been opened and now more people are aware of the issues and are now starting to do something about it. To conclude, social inequities are growing throughout time,†¦show more content†¦In comparison to men, women are not making nearly as much money as men. Over time not much improvement had been made in women’s income, and they still made a significant, lesser, amount of money. Aside from that, females are also segregated from males in multiple categories with downgrading outcomes for the development of their choices and capabilities. To summarize, it is clear that feminism is a noteworthy issue that hasn’t been addressed formally enough. To add on, racism is also a very common inequity. People are segregated and looked at differently for their skin color, resulting in different treatment towards individuals. This treatment, was cruel and unusual, such as slavery, and abuse towards people. Although these actions were not necessary whatsoever, the treatment continued on for years to come, worsening as time went on. After the civil rights movement, the tension decreased, however to this day, racism still occurs throughout the world. All in all, racism is a still occurring situation that may have died down slightly, but still has not come to an end. Nowadays, everything revolves around money. Money distinguishes the wealthy from the less fortunate and because of this, financial inequality is a growing concern. The Outsiders novel by S.E. Hinton shows how two different groups, the Soc’s who are extremely affluent, versus the Greasers who do not have nearly as much

Foodborne Diseases Foodborne Disease - 1746 Words

INTRODUCTION: Foodborne diseases is characterized by the World Health Organization as diseases, more either infectious or poisonous in nature, brought about by pathogens that enter the body through the ingestion of food. Foodborne diseases are a serious and worldwide issue. The WHO evaluates that overall foodborne and waterborne diarrhea ailments taken together murder around 2.2 million individuals every year. Foodborne sicknesses can start from a wide assortment of various foods and be brought about by a wide range of pathogenic organisms that have polluted them at some part of the food chain, in the middle of homestead and fork. Foods that are most much of the time connected with foodborne diseases incorporate meat, fish and poultry. The making of the food standards agency in April 2000 was the UK Government s reaction to the high public also, political prowl of food safety issues as of late. In its Key Arrangement 2001–2006, one of the Organization s needs was to lessen foodborne sickne ss by 20% by enhancing food security directly through the food chain (Food Standards Agency, 2001). The Epidemiology, Microbiology and Clinical impact of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in England, 2009-2012. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative bacteria. They ordinarily live in the insides of individuals and animals. Generally E. coli are safe and really are imperative ordinary vegetation of a sound human intestinal tract. Nonetheless, some are pathogenic and causeShow MoreRelatedFoodborne Illness Diseases772 Words   |  3 PagesFoodborne illness diseases that spread through food or beverages are a common, distressing and sometimes a life- threatening problem for millions of people in the United States and around the world. One of the largest foodborne illness outbreaks in United States history happened in 1977. This foodborne illness was called botulism which is a serious and rare disease caused by food. The cause of this outbreak was hot sauce that had been made from improperly canned jalapeno peppers. Foodborne illnessesRead MoreA Report On Foodborne Disease1506 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to foodborne disease Annual reports in New Zealand of 2014, about 524 cases (49.9% ) of foodborne disease were recorded in commercial food operator settings like restaurants, takeaways, mobile stalls, supermarkets and other food outlet (Annual report concerning foodborne disease in New Zealand, 2014). This shows that there were high number of outbreaks reported in New Zealand related to food bacteria’s and micro-organisms. As there were many foodborne outbreaks noted in New Zealand, governmentRead MoreFoodborne Disease Outbreak992 Words   |  4 PagesA mother of a young child called the Vermont Department on February 5 to report the possibility of a foodborne disease outbreak after her child aged 5 years and two other children of her neighbor aged 7 and 10 years became ill with a lot of vomiting and diarrhea that took place within an interval of 12 hours. The child’s sickness became severe that the mother took her to a local hospital where she was kept at the emergency department. The mother stated that the child complained of nausea at 10 o’clockRead MoreThe Effects Of Reporting On Foodborne Diseases3060 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction to Environmental Health Safety The Impact of Reporting on Foodborne Diseases Abstract : Foodborne diseases result from the ingestion of pathogens and parasites, which are contaminated in foods and food products at different points in the food production and preparation process. The Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) tracks foodborne diseases through reports from surveillance systems from state and local health departments, medicalRead MoreThe Impact Of Reporting On Foodborne Diseases2297 Words   |  10 PagesThe Impact of Reporting on Foodborne Diseases Abstract (300 words): Foodborne diseases result from the ingestion of over 200 pathogens, chemicals, and parasites, which are contaminated in foods and food products at different points in the food production and preparation process. 1 The Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) is tracks foodborne diseases through reports from state and local health departments and various surveillance systems. Though there have been many methods of controlRead MoreFoodborne Diseases : An Undeveloped World Problem Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe broad spectrum of foodborne infections has changed dramatically over time, as well-established pathogens have been controlled or eliminated, and new ones have emerged. The burden of foodborne diseases remains largely unknown and substantial: one in four Americans is estimated to have a significant foodborne illness each year. In 2005, it was reported that 1.8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases (World Health Organization), largely attributed to contaminated food and drinking water. ThisRead MoreFoodborne Illness Is A Major Public Health Problem1404 Words   |  6 PagesFoodborne illness, which can also be known as foodborne disease, foodborne infection, or foodborne intoxication, is a major public health problem. All of the aforementioned refer to an illness developed after eating contaminated food (Robert Friis, 2012, p279). Almost all factors that can cause a foodborne illness are environmental. These include naturally occurring heavy metals, polluted water, and pollutants in the air (Friis, 2012, p279). The agricultural process also holds a large hand inRead MoreBIOLOGICAL HAZARDS642 Words   |  3 PagesBiological hazard are acquired from disease causing microorganism and the poisonous toxins they may produce. Biological hazard are far the most dangerous foodborne hazard in the food service and food retail businesses. These includes harmful microorganism seen only in the microscope 1. BACTERIA 2.VIRUSES 3. PARASITES 4. MOLDS 5. YEAST Other living organism are: †¢ Insects: RODENTS FARM ANIMAL DOMESTIC PETS BIRDS FISH PLANTS TRANSMIT DISEASE TO HUMAN BEING †¢ Even healthyRead MoreThe Spread Of Foodborne Illness864 Words   |  4 PagesThe unwanted spread of foodborne illnesses has become a main cause of gastrointestinal complications from consuming tainted foods. Over seventy-six million cases will occur in the United States every year according to Sagar, in Viruses in Food. The spread of foodborne illness is through the oral-fecal route and can be from viral causes like Hepatitis A, Noroviruses, and Human Caliciviruses, or has bacteria present like E. Coli or Salmonella. Thinking about consuming contaminated foods withRead MoreWhat Types Of Nutrition Changes Can I Make?835 Words   |  4 PagesPreventing Foodborne Illness Foodborne illness, also called food poisoning, is an illness caused by eating food or drinking liquid that is contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or poisons (toxins). Bacteria and viruses cause most foodborne illnesses. Common symptoms of foodborne illness are sudden nausea, vomiting, belly pain, diarrhea, and fever. Most foodborne illnesses go away in a few days without treatment. However, if you have a severe case, treatment may be needed. You

The Start of Child Labor Laws - 687 Words

During the Early Modern Era the opinions toward children varied between different societies. In most civilizations children weren’t treated with any special treatments and were raised to be obedient workers and in turn affecting their education. In these societies children were brought depending on social status, and because of this bias many children were forced to hard labor. Though there are many regional and culture differences, at this time the world was opening up to reform and rebuilding, and due to a lack people in the workforce to handle such a task, child labor became the commonality. In most regions of the world at the time, children were trained to be productive members of society. Training usually differed between classes and gender. The rise in Neo-Confucianism, and Protestant beliefs are part of what shaped society into viewing children with this bias. These religions, amongst many others, kept a standard for people on how to live their life. This standard usual ly dealt with people being virtuous, hardworking citizens, and when someone does not concur with this, they are punished. For example, Author and songwriter Isaac Watts says in one of his songs â€Å"†¦ For Satan finds some mischief still, For idle hands to do.† [Doc. 4], and this is how Watts linked the devil to idleness and mischief. With that many of the people in these societies became hardworking, and raised their kids to this standard of obedience and productiveness. While most religionsShow MoreRelatedChild Labour And Child Labor1600 Words   |  7 PagesChild Labor Issues There are children that suffer through child labor daily. Child labor is the use of children in a business or industry, usually illegal. â€Å"3 billion people around the world survive on $2.50 a day or less. And 2 billion people do not hold a bank account or have access to essential financial services† (â€Å"Living in Poverty†1). Children that are normally in labor come from a poor family that’s in need of money so badly that it comes down to selling their own children or puttingRead MoreChild Labor819 Words   |  4 PagesChild Labor Laws Child labor laws were made in regards to child labor because minors were treated harshly during child labor. Child labor laws in America have changed throughout the years. Now if child labor laws are disregarded a parent or employer will be fined. Many parents disregarded child labor laws to support their families. Child labor laws were a turning point in history because children were working in dangerous environments, and new standards were made to prevent child labor. ChildrenRead MoreEssay about The Globalization of Child Labor1517 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization of an idea or practice can be very beneficial worldwide, but globalization can also effect countries and people negatively. Child labor was once an immense issue in the United States; however, we now have laws protecting children from dangerous working conditions. Unfortunately, children in countries like India and Africa are still falling victim to harsh working conditions. These developing nations have the same problem that the United States had years ago; children are workingRead MoreEssay on The Immorality of Child Labor1221 Words   |  5 PagesImmorality of Child Labor Child labor is a serious moral issue. There have been many controversial debates over whether it should be legal or not. Two different viewpoints on the subject exist. Many argue that child labor is morally wrong and that the children should not work, no matter how poverty stricken their family might be. Advocates and major corporations that support child labor argue that it is good because it gives poverty-stricken families a source of income. Child labor firstRead MoreChinas High Dependence On Child Labor1677 Words   |  7 PagesChild labor is a commonplace in China. Most of the children in China, families work income is dependent on their family’s survival. Child labor is a major issue throughout the global economy, especially in developing countries like China. Although, China has anti-child labor laws, many children in China are forced to work against their will. China is the home of many poor families and some of these families force their children to work because of their struggle with poverty and their lack of incomeRead MoreChild Labor Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In 1900, 18 percent of all American workers were under the age of 16† (â€Å"Child Labor†). This was during the end of the Gilded Age, when child labor was problem and was starting to be a major one. Child labor started because of poverty when children worked to support their families but were forced to give up education. Ch ildren could work long hours in dangerous positions for little money. Child labor continues because children have little power to complain or stand up for themselves to adults, theirRead MoreSummary Of Child Labor In Upton Sinclairs The Jungle897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat exposed the bad working condition to immigrants in Chicago and the nasty meat packing factory. One of the big issue in this book is child labor. In the book, a child called Stanislovas Lukoszaite, he was working in a meat packing factory. Although in 1906 there are laws against child labor, but the law is not really enforced. He was just a 13 years old child and during Chicagos snow storm he loses the use of his three fingers, after that he started selling newspaper in Chicago. When he was 15Read MoreShould Child Labor Be More Time Towards Education?1371 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: Many people believe child labor has ceased to exist in the world people live in, but many don’t realize the clothes they wea r had been made by child laborers. Many people in government around the world have worked to abolish child labor, but little do these people actually solve the problem. People should look to understand why child labor still exist and why it exist in particular places in the world. Introduction: It is common knowledge that every person has the right to work, andRead MoreChild Labor Is A Violation Of Fundamental Human Rights1553 Words   |  7 Pages 405292 Child Labor Republic of France Position Paper Part 1 History and Background of Child Labor Child labor became most prevalent during the Industrial Revolution, which took place from 1760-1840, and has become prominent throughout our world since. Children would work around 19 hours a day, having approximately a one hour break, and work for almost no pay. In the 1900’s, statistics showed that over 200 million children were involved in the act of child labor worldwide, and 73 millionRead MoreChild Labor in Agriculture Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesThere are hundreds of thousands of child farm workers laboring under challenging and bad conditions in the United States of America. This is according to a human rights watch report dubbed, Fingers to the bone: United States Failure to Protect Child Farm Workers. This rights group made discoveries that the child laborers are often made to toil between twelve and fourteen hours a single day and stand a risk of pesticide poisoning, heat exposure effects, injuries and health complications that could

Personal Narrative What Real Friendship Is Essay

When you were still in the kindergarten, friends were the people who romped about with you, played mischievous tricks upon everyone. When you were getting bigger, perhaps at primary school, friends were the people who helped you in your homework, who sung with you at the school choir. Had you forgotten them? Had you betrayed them? Are you a good friend to your friends? A true friend would always tell you the truth, be you best partner when you need him, most of all, support you. It is not right to act suspiciously in front of your friends. Not long ago, my friends were very busy planning a birthday surprise for me. They stopped talking when I drew near and whispered when I was within earshot. They put their work hastily away when I†¦show more content†¦That means we had no chance to win it. When I phoned Aggie the news, I was crying. I knew that it was me who ruined our hopes. It was all my fault, I thought. I was afraid Aggie would be disappointed. I was afraid she would be angry and never forgive me. â€Å" Aggie, I was about to tell you a disaster.† â€Å"Yeah?† She asked. â€Å"Well, I am feeling sick. I’m afraid that I cannot attend to competition. I’m very sorry, very sorry indeed!† I sobbed. There was no sound from Aggie. â€Å" Aggie, are you here? Answer me!† I cried. Dead silence. I put down the phone and trembled. Will she ever forgive me? I put myself to the pillows on my bed desperately and wailed like a child. Suddenly, Aggie came into my room. â€Å" I’ve asked Mom to make some soup for you. Here you are. Help yourself.† Aggie said, without irritation or depression in her voice. â€Å" Calm down and drink the soup while it is hot.† I was startled. I cried even louder. I could not say that I was happy, but I was very astonished and touched. Real friendship also needs honesty. That same year, Aggie and I become roommates. We got our first apartment together and became known around town as â€Å"The Girls† because one of us was never seen without the other. During this time we seemed to get even closer. Our other roommates always remarked on our friendship and were jealous of the connection we had. When we saw how lonely others were, we were glad to have each other. We wereShow MoreRelatedEssay Comparison of the Social Network and the Catcher in the Rye1111 Words   |  5 PagesExtended Study – Comparative Texts Which techniques do J. D. Salinger and David Fincher use to explore the personal dilemmas of their protagonists, Holden Caulfield and Mark Zuckerberg, in The Catcher in the Rye and The Social Network? In David Fincher’s The Social Network and J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, a story of two young men, Holden Caulfield and Mark Zuckerberg face many difficulties and ultimately are very vulnerable souls. The dilemmas that Holden and Mark face are alienationRead MoreEssay on WRACK TECHNIQUES994 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscover the truth. Bradley makes use of historical incidents and real people. He also draws inspiration from other texts. This is called intertextuality. For example he draws on Conrad’s book Heart of Darkness to explore the darkness in man’s heart. His character Kurt parallels Conrad’s Kurtz. He also quotes from Ondaatje p.37 to develop his idea about maps â€Å"whose portraits have nothing to do with surface.† This coupled with his narrative about the explorers in the Age of Colonialism Develops theRead MoreThe Race On Reality Tv866 Words   |  4 PagesRace on Reality TV A unique feature of reality TV makes the show as a site where we can find how the tolerance is conducted in real life, in terms of race, gender, and foreignness. As an â€Å"unabashedly commercial genre united less by aesthetic rules or certainties than by the fusion of popular entertainment with a self-conscious claim to the discourse of the real’’ (Murray Ouellette, 2004, p. 2), reality TV enjoys its privilege of dealing with the controversial issue such as racism with ease, throughRead MoreTom Brennan Chapter Questions1571 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily situation is in turmoil. As the narrative progresses we see Tom find ‘himself’ back. Through teamwork and newfound friendship he rekindles his love of rugby. Also forming a close relationship with his uncle, Brennan, who ultimately steers him to a happier life. Tom seeks God; and through church meets Chrissy- who sings in the church choir. A combination of events and experiences allow him to see new light , past the pain and regret of his brother. The narrative climaxes at the very end of the book-Read MoreE.M Forster’s novel A Passage to India1026 Words   |  5 PagesLeonard Woolf considers E.M Forster’s novel A Passage to India to be a representation of ‘’the real life of politics in India, the intricacy of personal relations, the story itself, the muddle and the mystery of life’’ (Jay, 1998). Fosters novel has been the subject of literary criticism from many angles given the highly controversial subject matter which is called into question as to whether it is a genuine representation of India under colonisation written from an objective experience, and whetherRead MoreIs Social Media A Form Of Narcissism?1238 Words   |  5 Pagesand Self-Esteem on Facebook,† presents the view that social networking is a â€Å"fertile† platform for narcissist to feed their egos with shallow relationships and self-promotion. In other terms, F acebook is the new public relation firm. While regulating what is seen, and presented about themselves, the narcissist are pulling attention to where they want it, their greatness. According to Mehdizadeh, it is proposed that low self-image or â€Å"vulnerability to shame† are at the root of narcissism, and FacebookRead MoreThe High Cost Of Manliness1002 Words   |  5 Pagesmost people doubt the friendship between a man and a woman is the interference of sex, like the main character in the movie â€Å"When Harry met Sally† supposes. Media, in particular, movie also supports this belief. â€Å"In movie after movie, show after show, the narrative arc is the same. What starts as friendship ends up in bed.† Although feminism was considered a mark in changing people’s conception about cross-sex friendship, it faced the challenge due to â€Å"the notion of friendship as the root of romanticRead MoreSmoke Signals By Sherman Alexie1051 Words   |  5 Pagest mean to†. This foreshadows one of Victor s important flashbacks, where Victor finds out that his father left Idaho because he actually burned Thomas’s house down and felt so guilty about it that he had to leave. When Victor finds out about the real reason his father left he cuts off all his hair which is also foreshadowed in Victor s first flashback, when the narrator says, â€Å"After that fire, Arnold joseph mourned by cutting off his hair and he never grew it long again† which gives more meaningRead MoreSherman Alexie s A Native American859 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation. Sherman Alexie’s This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona is a story about the suffering, current social problems, and hope for a new beginning for the Native American people. Alexie, a Native American himself, skillfully narrates Victor and Thomas’s journey to recover Victor father’s ashes from Phoenix, Arizona, reflecting on the many challenges and difficulties from Native Americans inside the reservations. Alexie begins the story describing Victor’s personal and financial troubles. HeRead MoreThe Gallery Of Modern Art1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gallery of Modern Art (GOMA) is honoured to present an exhibition titled ‘Image and Text: A Feminist Narrative’, with which it will be opening its door to the public on the 12th September and closing on the 15th October. When image and text are integrated with one another in the creation of contemporary art, artists are able to produce powerful and extremely effective messages of their choice. However, just because the image and text are displayed together, does not mean they relate to each other

Sustainability in Entrepreneurship, Innovation Free Essays

string(62) " factors contributing to it, aside from entrepreneurial gain\." Discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development. What role does sustainability play in this relationship? Refer to both theory and examples from the business world to support your discussion. In today’s economy, entrepreneurship is an important subject and entrepreneurial abilities have become a pivotal requirement both nationally and globally. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability in Entrepreneurship, Innovation or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, enterprises that succeed mostly do so as they are capable of change for the better, through innovation. So for an enterprise to be successful innovation is required. Creativity and innovation is at the heart of the 21st century. For example in the United States alone, more than 16,000 firms operate their own research labs! These successful enterprises and their advancements in innovation as a result lead to a country’s economic development. Economic development has become a focus of attention by governments around the world. As the UK Office of Science and Technology (2007) put it, â€Å"Innovation is the motor of the modern economy.. † Thus there is no doubt that a connection between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development prevails. The three factors are complementary because innovation helps any form of entrepreneurship to prosper, thereby increasing its economic value, thus contributing to economic development. This paper will examine this relationship of entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development, and explore the extent of its connection. To begin, it will define these terms, and then connect them accordingly, using economic literature and real life examples for evidence. Secondly, the essay will look at what sustainability is, types f sustainable innovation, whether it’s a threat or opportunity for enterprises, and its effect on economic development. The term entrepreneurship can take numerous definitions. Simply put, entrepreneurship is the act of an entrepreneur, and that is someone who assumes the risk for and organizes a business project. Economist Richard Cantillon first used the term entrepreneurship in his book Essai Sur La Nature de Commerce en General (1959) where he explains that an entrepreneur is one who buys things at a lower price, and sells them at a higher price, undertaking the risk factor. More recently, Joseph Shumpeter provided a thorough description, where he divided entrepreneurship to two types: allocating and catalytic. Further, Shumpeter (1934) stressed on the importance of an entrepreneur to be innovative, â€Å"Whatever the type, everyone is an entrepreneur only when he actually carries out a new combinations and loses that character as soon as he has built up his business†. This leads into the connection of entrepreneurship with innovation. Mintzberg (1983) defined innovation as â€Å"the means to break away from established patterns. † Innovation is the creation of something new; and in the business world, it would be for moneymaking benefit. According to Shumpeter, it can be the creation of a new product, opening a new market and so on. Thus, it can be stated that innovation is required for an enterprise to succeed, so is a factor contributing to the process of entrepreneurship. Innovation can take two forms, incremental or radical. A radical innovation can be stated as a â€Å"gap-filler† as economist Harvey Leibenstein (1968) put it, which is a novel creation that fills a â€Å"gap† in the market. Radical innovation is a vital for economic development as the problem is missing markets is solved. There we see the connection of innovation with economic development. Economic development can be defined as a positive progress in an economy, usually through government expenditures to promote the wellbeing of the economy and society as a whole. It can be measured by taking into account a country’s standard of living, economic health, environmental sustainability and other factors. According to Harvey Leibenstein in his book The American Economic Review (1968 p77), there is no universally accepted theory of economic development, but there are two important elements that contribute to development, one of which is the â€Å"Interaction between the creation of economic capacity and the related creation of demand [.. The entrepreneur is probably the prime mover of the ‘capacity creation’ part of these elements of the growth process. † In addition, as said in the Hamilton Project (2012), â€Å"Innovation has transformed the American economy through the development of automobiles and highways, airplanes, telecommunications, and the internet, all of which have made it progressively easier for businesses to market their products.. † which as a result, help the business enterprises. Thus, it is undeniable that there is strong connection between entrepreneurship, innovation and conomic development, as has been stated in literature time and time again. It can also be proven with the use of real life examples, for instance in the software industry, which today is globally worth $489 billion. Microsoft, â€Å"the worldwide leader in software technology†, an innovation founded by Bill Gates, had a revenue of $28. 37 billion in the year 2002, and employed more than 50,000 employees in 78 countries as said in Andriopoulos and Dawson’s, Managing Change, Creativity Innovation Textbook (2009 p94). Microsoft’s software is an example of an incremental innovation, and a successful enterprise, which thus became a major contributor to USA’s economic development. An example of a radical innovation that majorly contributed to economic development was Henry Fords simple invention of the assembly line method of production in the 1920’s. Its application to the production of Ford cars reduced the time to produce the Model T Ford by 68%, thereby increasing efficiency, and reducing its cost by 62%, thereby increasing the demand for the car. This a result increased employment in America, increased travel around the country, helped all businesses reduce costs, and raised the standard of living of the middle-class American family who could now afford a car, which had once been a luxury. All these factors contributed to of economic development of the US economy, which was booming at the time. Therefore, it can be firmly stated that a strong connection between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development does exist, and that they are often times co-occurring. A change in one can have an effect on the other; however, they are not dependent upon on another. For example, economic develop does have other factors contributing to it, aside from entrepreneurial gain. You read "Sustainability in Entrepreneurship, Innovation" in category "Essay examples" Secondly, I believe that entrepreneurships can succeed without innovation. This is where I disagree with Schumpeter’s theory of Creative Destruction. In this, Shumpeter claims that an entrepreneur has to do something novel to be successful, however in world of business there have been instances that prove his theory wrong. For example, in the 1990s’s, a team of entrepreneurs from the US implemented a set of multi screen cinemas in Mexico City called Cinemax, which was a well-known and established business model in the US. This was very successful in Mexico City, and the chain of cinemas was sold for $300 million ten years later. This is very entrepreneurial, but not innovative. Therefore I believe that whilst innovation and entrepreneurship go hand in hand, an entrepreneur does not necessarily need to be innovative in his/her thinking to be successful. Hence, I agree with Schumpeter’s theory only to an extent, in that they are strongly related, but disagree with the fact that an entrepreneurship has to be novel in order to be successful and contribute to economic development. Almost all economies today are growing rapidly, China and India for example. Though this is a primary objective of all countries, governments and other environmentally friendly organizations are far more concerned on ensuring that this development occurs without excessive damage to the environment. The aim is to ensure human needs are met; but also conserved for the needs of the future generations, and as a result conserving the environment. This is also known as sustainable development. According to the Brundtland report (1987), sustainable development is â€Å"Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. † Sustainability can take many forms, including economic, social and environmental. This essay will look at sustainability in the economic form and understand sustainability from the business point of view. The implementation of government regulations, such as UK’s DEFRA, which look at conserving and protecting the environment, and fine or reprove businesses that do not, may initially seem as a problem for many companies. But in actuality, in can help the businesses and even be an opportunity for innovation. The need to be sustainable has created environmentally friendly inventions, an internal driver of sustainability, boosting economic growth accordingly. Sustainability in business encourages enterprises to cut down on its costs and produce more with less. Companies today reduce, reuse and recycling waste material. In addition, it gives way for invention of environmentally friendly products, such as the Panasonic’s Rhythm eShower for water conservation and Toyota’s invention of the Prius, an electric car, which would in turn reduce fuel consumption. Toyota even won the title of â€Å"Best Global Green Brands 2012† (BusinessWeek, 2012) for the second time in a row. Further, it has resulted in the invention of renewable energy methods such as solar photovoltaic cells and tidal stream generators, a new industry in the market. British company, Lunar Energy has decided to build the worlds first tidal energy farm deep sea, providing energy for 5000 homes. As a result, creating employment too. The requirement for businesses to be sustainable has created employment, promoted innovation and has even opened up a whole new industry in renewable energy, thereby contributing to economic growth. The contribution sustainable development makes to the economy is clear in the long run, as the economy is sure to sustain in the future as well. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (2006) explains how there is a negative impact on economic growth if governments and businesses are not environmentally friendly. Economist Nicholas Stern stated that if we don’t act in a sustainable manner, the impacts that occur would cost damage worth of 20% of a country’s GDP. Whereas in contrast, investment in greener and more sustainable development today, would only cost 1% of global GDP each year. I believe that while sustainable development may result in some businesses to lose out, overall it opens new industries, encourages innovation and also works in favor of the economy in the long run. To conclude, It can be stated that sustainability can play an important role in economic development, and can encourage enterprises to innovate environmentally friendly technology, cut costs, and thus be more successful. It also helps a country’s economy in the long run as it would not have to heavily spend on the damages caused by global warming. As said by Schumpeter, (1934 p367) â€Å"The entrepreneur is the prime mover in economic development and his function is to carry out new combinations. † This is true in the sense that through innovation, enterprises can succeed and contribute to an economy’s development. Thus, it is clear that businesses and innovation have a positive effect on economic development are strongly connected. But again, I do not believe that all enterprises must be innovative to succeed, and that for a new business to open, a current one must be eroded. Therefore in conclusion it can be stated that entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development are complementary in real life, and are at often times co-occurring, but are not dependent on one another. And encouraging businesses to be sustainable will only have a positive impact on the economy, when taking the long run impacts into account. Bibliography The American Economic Review Harvey Leibenstein. (May 1968) Page 77. Volume 78, No. 2, American Economic Association. Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses Paul Burns. (2007) 2nd Edition, Palgrave MacMillan, New York Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change Nicholas Stern. (October, 2006) The Theory of Economic Development Joseph A. Shumpeter. (1983) Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey Our Common Future (The Report of the Brundtland Commission) United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987) BusinessWeek Bloomberg. (July 2012) Power In and Around Organizations (The Theory of Management Policy) Henry Mintzberg. (January 1983) Published by Prentice Hall, College Division Hamilton Project Michael Greenstone, Adam Looney and Leslie B. Samuels. (May 2012) Managing Change, Creativity Innovation Constantine Andriopoulos and Patrick Dawson. (2007) Published by TJ International Ltd. Padstow, Great Britain Essai Sur La Nature de Commerce en General Richard Cantillon. (1959) Published by Frank Cass and Co. , London How to cite Sustainability in Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Essay examples

Taxation Business Acquisitions

Question: Describe about the Taxation for Business Acquisitions. Answer: Discuss whether input tax credits would be available for the following acquisitions: the purchase of books by a bookshop from a publisher In this case, the input tax credit would be available, since the owner of the bookshop has purchased the books for selling the same to the customers. Hence, input tax credit is available in this acquisition, as the selling price does not include GST. the purchase of beef by a hamburger restaurant from a butcher The input tax credits could not be applied for this purchase of beef, as per Paragraph 38-4(1) (b) of the GST supplies act. This is because the beef is extracted from the butcher for consumption of human beings. the purchase of a computer by a doctor for use in preparing his surgerys accounts This is an input tax credit, since the price at which the doctor has purchased the computer already includes GST. the purchase of pipes by a plumber for use in repairing a sewer at a clients home The purchase of pipes could not be categorised under input tax credit, although the purchase includes GST price. This is because using an equipment for the purpose of sewerage is exempted from tax. the purchase of a set of law reports by a solicitor This purchase of law reports could be classified as input tax credit, since it already includes the GST price at the time of purchase. the purchase of shares in a company listed on the ASX by an investor The purchase of shares of an ASX listed company by an investor come under input tax credit. Although, the GST price is not included in purchase, it is financial supply, which is available under input tax credit. the payment of brokerage fees to a stockbroker by a share investor The brokerage fees fall under the financial supply, which is GST free and hence, the input tax credit is applicable in this case. the purchase of a car by an employer used to provide a fringe benefit to an employee This could not be categorised under input tax credit, since an employer has purchased the car to provide fringe benefits to its employee. Fringe benefit tax could not be categorised under input tax credit as per the Australian taxation law. the purchase of a new home unit from a developer by a home owner, and The input tax credit could be applied in case of the purchase of a new home unit according to GST Act (s9-15). This section depicts that input tax credit in Australia could be applied to goods supply and transactions arising out of property or real estate. the payment of fees to an electrician by a lessor of a residential property to repair faulty wiring that a tenant has complained about. This is not an instance, in which input tax credit could be applied, since the fees are paid for repairing the residential property and not for commercial use. Even though there have been no monetary payments as consideration for repairing work, the GST shall be computed on $220. This is due to the fact that under GSTR 2001/6 non monetary considerations are treated at par with monetary consideration in terms of determining GST. Thereby, regular GST rate of 10% shall be applicable for the $220 of soft drink paid to Sam by Ted. Discuss whether any of the following items constitute income: The salary and performance bonus earned by an employee comes under income. The tip falls under the definition of income for taxation purposes. Interest arising from bank deposit is considered as income. The rent received from such a source shall be treated as income. This will not be included as a part of assessable income. Since the points have been received owing to work related travel thereby the same shall not form part of assessable income. The gift will not be considered income as the gift would have been provided even if the person was not employed by the close friend. The proceeds from sale of goodwill shall be treated as income. Such proceeds shall be taken as income. The consideration received by the employee shall be considered as tax free. The reimbursement shall not form part of income. Cash prizes received from winning or competition in a quiz show falls under income. The gambling winnings are not to be included under income. Proceeds from such sale of old furniture are not to be included as income. Such profit shall form part of income and will be subjected to capital gains This shall be included as part of assessable income owing to intention of insurance company to make profit. Such amount can be held as income owing to the fact that the mining company is abstaining from mining for a consideration. The amount received cannot be considered as income. The following holiday shall be considered as income owing to the fact that the holiday package has been received owing to business activities. The return of funds cannot be considered as income. The payment has been made as prize money and thereby falls under income. Capital Gain on Shares sold by a resident Particulars $ Sales of shares in A Co. 6000 Sales of shares in B Co. 6000 12000 Cost price of shares (5000*2) 10000 2000 Discount @ 50% 1000 A. Capital Gain from sale of shares held in A B Co 1000 Sale of shares in C Co. 4000 Cost of shares in C Co. 5000 B. Capital Loss from sale of shares 1000 Net Capital Gain (A-B) NIL Gains on sale of shares are not subject to tax for nonresident individuals unless such shares are deemed to be taxable Australian property (TAP). Unless the shareholders holds excess of 10% of all shares in the company or 50% of market value of assets related to the company can be construed to be Australian Real Property. Particulars Discounted Method Indexation Method Amount (in $) Amount (in $) Amount (in $) Amount (in $) a) Sale of Holiday Home : Consideration of Sales 800,000 800,000.0 Less : Property Cost Base 100,000 148,043.5 Legal Fees related to Sales (Exclusive of GST) 1,100 1,100.0 Commission of Real Estate Agent 9,900 9,900.0 Stamp Duty 2,000 3,033.1 Legal Fees pertaining to Purchase 1,000 1,516.6 Construction Cost of Garage 20,000 134,000 24,448.4 188,041.5 Capital Gain on Sale 666,000 611,958.5 Less : Exemption on Capital Gain @ 50% 333,000 Taxable Capital Gain (A) 333,000 611,958.5 Less : Previous Year Capital Loss 10,000 10,000.0 Net Taxable Capital Gain 323,000 601,958.5 Table: Computations of Taxable Capital G Fred (Source: As created by the author) In case the loss arose from selling of antique vase, such loss cannot be adjusted against the computed capital gain. Answer to question 10: Taxable Value of Fringe Benefit on Car= (Purchase price of car*Statutory Rate*Days of usage)/365 Employee Contribution Computation of Fringe Benefit Taxation on Car Particulars $ Purchase Cost of Car 50,000 Kilometer Travelled 16,000 Statutory Rate based upon Km travelled 20% Days of Usage by Employee 183 Contributions made by the employee 1000 FBT on the Car 4013.699 The Porsche given by his employer shall fall under Car Benefit. Further, the fringe benefit tax as regards to the Porsche shall be applicable in case the Porsche given by Terrys employer tends to be either: a sedan, or has a carrying capacity of less than 1 ton, or Can carry fewer than 9 passengers In this case Terry is provided with a free housing accommodation, it comes under housing benefit. Computation of Fringe Benefit Taxation on Loan Particulars $ A. Loan amount 1,000,000 B. Use of Funds for Income Producing Purposes Exempt (40%) 400,000 C. Amount available for FBT Purposes 600,000 D. Actual Interest Rate 1% E. Benchmark Interest Rate 5.65% F. Actual Interest Paid (C*D) 6000 G. Notional Interest Paid (C*E) 33900 Taxable Value (G-F) 27900 If the interest is payable only at the end of 3 years, which exceeds the time limit for payment every six months, a separate loan has to be arrived at which shall be interest free in respect of the unpaid interest. In case Brian is released from payment of loan a debt waiver fringe benefit shall arise. 3: When payment is received from a company other than in the form of dividend, Capital Gain event takes place when the payment is made. Tonys cost base of shares shall be reduced by $7 for each share in X Co. Therefore, when Tony sells the shares at $ 20 each, the cost base of the shares shall be reduced to $3 (10-7). Thereby, the income for capital gain purposes shall stand as follows: Particulars Number $ Number of shares 1000 Cost of Acquiring shares 10 Received from company 7 Cost base per share 3 overall cost base 3000 Received from sale of shares 20000 Income taxable under capital gain 17000 In case payment made by the company stands at $13 $ Capital Gain arising from payment made the company 3000 Sale proceeds from sales of shares 20000 Income Taxable Under Capital Gain 23000 In case of cancellation of shares there shall be no capital gain on $ 7 per shares as such cost are below $ 10 base price. However, in case of payment made at $13 per shares, total taxable income under capital gain shall stand at $3000. Under section 44 of the ITA Act, the dividends declared and subsequently provided by a company tend to be included in the assessable income of the shareholders. Further, the dividends that are to be applied in Dividend Reinvestment Plans are to be included under the assessable income. Further, Sandy because of being a resident is required to disclose such incomes under their income tax returns. Under Regulation 11(2), ABC Co is required to furnish details as regards to dividends exceeding $100 paid to a single recipient shareholder. The total dividend paid to Sandy does not exceed $100. Thereby, the details regarding name, address and amount of dividend paid by her are not to be included in disclosure statements by ABC Co. Therefore, the $100 received by Sandy as dividend and which were subsequently applied towards ABCs dividend reinvestment plan are to be treated under assessable income. References and Bibliography: Asic.gov.au. (2016). Cancellation of shares | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/running-a-company/shares/cancellation-of-shares/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016). Capital gains on Australian assets. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/International-tax-for-individuals/Investing-in-Australia/Capital-gains-on-Australian-assets/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016). CGT on foreign residents, temporary residents and changing residency. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/International-issues/CGT-on-foreign-residents,-temporary-residents-and-changing-residency/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016). Home page. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2016). INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Law.ato.gov.au. (2016). CR 2013/68 - Income tax: cancellation of shares in Tower Limited (As at 4 September 2013). [online] Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=CLR/CR201368/NAT/ATO/00001 [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Lowtax.net. (2016). Lowtax - Global Tax Business Portal | Related Information - Individual Non-Resident Taxation in Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.lowtax.net/information/australia/australia-individual-non-resident-taxation.html [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016].